The information contained in this text was provided by the relevant Ministries and CPA Senior Advisor?s offices.
Communications
Under the former regime, average Iraqis were denied access to telephones. Only a select few of his most loyal followers were allowed have telephones in their homes or businesses. Iraq?s undeveloped communications technologies left the country unable to easily communicate on a national or global scale.
Pre-conflict
Iraqi Telephone and Posts Company had 833,000 active telephone subscribers in the entire country.
Cellular telephones were virtually non-existent.
There was practically no chance at internet connectivity for Iraq.
Cellular telephones, credit card services and ATM machines were non-existent, as well as the technology (data network) to provide these services.
Post Conflict
Today, there are over 700,000 active telephone subscribers in Iraq.
The total number of telephone subscribers in Iraq, including the 300,000 cell phones subscribers, equals 1,005,580, which is 20% percent greater than the number of active subscribers pre-conflict.
With the CPA stimulating the private sector, three private cell phone carriers built networks here in Iraq, without any cost to the American taxpayer.
One, two-year operating licensee was awarded to each of the three regions:
o Asia Cell — Northern region
o Iraqna — Central region
o Atheer ? Southern region.
With the debut of mobile phone networks, cell phones are selling at the rate of over 15,000 per week. Total number of phones sold has exceeded 300,000. Demand has stripped supplies. Consumers are placing large deposits just to reserve a spot on the next shipment.
The three new cell phone providers are creating thousands of jobs for Iraqis.
On December 30, 2003, a satellite gateway system was installed at Al Mamoun in Baghdad to provide international calling service. Approximately $50 million will be obligated on satellite gateway construction.
The US supplemental appropriation for Iraqi reconstruction funds provides $225 million for continued expansion of the Iraqi telephone system.
CPA is working to upgrade Iraq?s fiber optic network to satisfy modern data networking demands. The upgraded fiber network will be able to support a ubiquitous internet access, electronic banking, electronic funds transfers, credit card transactions, point of sale terminals, and ATM machines.
The new data network will be regulated, so as to provide equal access to all licensed common carriers, including the domestic long-haul traffic of the new cell phone operators.
CPA has trained Iraqi engineers and technicians to maintain both the satellite gateway system and telephone switches.
A “First Responder Network” (FRN) is being implemented for Iraqi police, border patrols and emergency personnel through CPA, which will improve the security situation in Iraq. FRN will be the first nationwide emergency communications network to provide the communications needs of Iraq?s civil and military authorities.
The CPA has modernized the telephone system by installing 13 digital telephone switches since May 2003 with full supporting service.
Future plans
By October, the upgraded fiber network will be able to support ubiquitous internet access, electronic banking, electronic funds transfers, credit card transactions, point of sale terminals, and ATM machines.
CPA will deliver an additional 10,000 radios through the “First Responder Network” for police and border guards over the next 90 days.
Future plans to issue additional cellular licenses will be decided by the Iraqi people and approved by the soon-to-be created Iraqi independent regulatory commission. The term of the cell operators? licensees is two years.
In addition to constructing new satellite earth stations, CPA will make major investments for connecting Iraq to submarine fiber optic carriers, providing low cost/high speed connections to the rest of the world.
Increased bandwidth will be used to support an explosive growth demand for Internet, financial services, e-business, and to support the large enterprise systems of multi-national corporations planning to invest in Iraq.
Education
Before the 1990s, Iraq had one of the best education systems in the Middle East, with national primary school enrollment and high rates of literacy among women. A decade later, the tight control from the central government resulted in buildings that were poorly or never maintained, teachers that were poorly paid and ill-trained, and shortages in basic equipment and schoolbooks. School enrollment for all ages had declined greatly.
The Coalition and its partners are revitalizing public education in Iraq by addressing urgent needs while laying the foundation for sustainable, decentralized quality schooling at the primary and secondary levels.
Pre-conflict
Since 1991, there was no ongoing maintenance program for school buildings nationwide.
Rather than investing in improved infrastructure, improved teacher training, updated curriculum and new technology, Saddam Hussein spent money building many ornate palaces.
Total number of teachers in Iraq: 272,122 in 2000-2001 (Source: UNESCO)
Number of school buildings: 14,924 (Kindergarten 631; Primary 11,066; Secondary 2,968; Vocational 158; Teacher training 101).
Post Conflict
Most schools were open very soon after liberation and the highly-valued national exams were given in June 2003 (had they not been given, Iraqi students would have lost an entire academic year).
The politicized education system was dismantled. More than 12,000 headmasters, headmistresses, and teachers, who were former Ba?ath Party members, were dismissed with a process for appeal at the local and national levels.
32,632 secondary school teachers and 3,000 supervisors have been trained in effective classroom management and curriculum delivery.
644 students are now in the accelerated learning program throughout the nation.
Entry-level teacher salaries were raised from a pre-war monthly salary of $5 to $66. The average is now about $120 per month.
USAID edited all primary and secondary school math and science books and printed 8.7 million copies which have been distributed to the governances. This is with US taxpayer money. With Oil-for-Food money, UNESCO did another 50 million.
Distributed 159,000 student desks, over 26,437 teacher desks, 61,000 chalkboards and 58,000 teacher kits including distributions in non-permissive areas.
Distributed 808,000 primary student kits and 81,735 primary teacher kits.
Number of schools requiring repair post-war due to years of neglect and looting: 11,939 (of which 50% require major work or rebuilding)
By March 2004, more than 2,500 schools had been rehabilitated, with another 869 underway, by various U.S. civilian agencies, NGOs, international agencies, and the military.
Future plans
4500 new schools to be built over the next four years to overcome crowding.
U.S. Congress has allocated $88 million in construction funds to rehabilitate 1,000 schools in 2004 and $82 million in non-construction funds for (1) restoring water and sanitation services to schools; (2) forming or reactivating PTAs; (3) reducing the number of schools holding multiple shifts; (4) establishing 162 model schools, Centers of Excellence; (5) developing television for pre-school children; and (6) ensuring the delivery of school supplies.
Higher Education
USAID awarded five grants worth $20.1 million to create partnerships between U.S. and Iraqi universities.
Electricity
For more than a generation Saddam Hussein used power, like everything else in Iraq, as a weapon to punish those who opposed his regime. Due to an inequitable distribution of power by Saddam, most provinces suffered greatly. Compounding the problem, decades of operation without regular maintenance have severely hampered dependable electricity production. After the liberation of Iraq, the CPA immediately started repairing or replacing damaged equipment to provide a short term solution that increased power and improved quality of life. After achieving pre-conflict levels the CPA implemented a spring maintenance program to improve the entire electricity infrastructure of Iraq.
Pre-conflict
Due to the inequitable distribution of power by Saddam, most provinces suffered greatly. All provinces, with the exception of Fallujah, sections of Baghdad, and Tikrit, were getting 0 ? 10 hours of power. Fallujah, sections of Baghdad, and Tikrit were getting 10 ? 24 hours of power. There was an obvious favoritism in the distribution of power.
Exact numbers for individual cities pre-war are not available. However, the policy for the last several years prior to 2003 was that Baghdad would receive 24 hours of power, and all remaining power will be divided among Governorates. According to the CPA-Electricity Program Manager, Baghdad generally received 24 hrs/day, and most all other places averaged 4 hrs/day. Further records are unavailable.
The electrical system is probably the single greatest example of Saddam?s neglect of the infrastructure and his people?s needs. There is equipment that is so old and dilapidated that spare parts no longer exist anywhere in the world. It demonstrates the ingenuity of the Iraqi engineers to produce electricity. Ingenuity, combined with the resources and encouragement of the coalition engineers is driving the reconstruction of the system forward.
Post Conflict
Power production reached 4,518 MW on October 6, exceeding the pre-conflict capacity and the system generated 91,474 MW hours on Wednesday, February 18.
Implemented a spring maintenance program which is necessary for the upkeep of existing and new plants. Each plant is evaluated for necessary parts that need replacement or repair due to age, regular usage, vandalism, theft, or accidents. The spring maintenance program will end by mid-May in order to have all scheduled projects operational by the 1 June deadline.
As of February 18, 41 generation units were being serviced. Twenty-three units were out for unscheduled service. Nine thermal and nine gas turbine units were out for scheduled service.
CPA is adding 930 MW of capacity by summer 2004 through maintenance and rehabilitation projects at nine gas turbine units and three diesel units.
CPA is adding 1,636 MW of capacity by summer 2004 through new generation projects, including new gas turbine units being installed at 10 sites.
CPA is restoring 1,194 MW of capacity to the system through repairs to 550 kilometers of 400-kilo volt transmission line.
Future plans
CPA?s goal for Iraq is to reach 6000 MW?s by June 30.
Reaching 6000 MW?s will be accomplished by relying on the Spring Maintenance Program and rehabilitation for existing power plants and building and bringing new power plants online.
Health
The Iraqi Ministry of Health (MOH) is making great strides by structuring a comprehensive healthcare system that is financially sound and assures quality care that is accessible, affordable and available regardless of ethnicity, geographic origin, gender or religious affiliation; and a healthcare system that is self-sustaining for the future.
Pre-conflict
Saddam Hussein’s regime provided only $16 million for the Ministry of Health in 2002 (less than $1.00 per person).
The Iraqi medical system severely lacked modern equipment and medical capabilities.
Doctor?s pre-conflict salaries were approximately $20 per month.
Post Conflict
Since liberation, the country has not faced a major public health crisis.
Iraq’s 2004 budget for health care is $950 million ? a $934 million increase over 2002.
The entire country is at pre-war capabilities for providing health care - 240 Iraqi hospitals and more than 1,200 primary health centers are operating.
Doctors’ salaries have increased to between $120 per month and $180 per month, up from $20 per month pre-conflict.
Three Facility Protective Services classes have trained over 1,300 personnel to protect healthcare facilities.
The Ministry of Health has completed a $1.7 million headquarters refurbishment project.
More than 30 million doses of children’s vaccinations have been procured and distributed. Also, the Ministry has received grants to immunize the country’s 4.2 million children under the age of five against preventable diseases such as polio, tetanus, diphtheria, measles, and tuberculosis (70% have been inoculated to-date).
More than 700,000 pregnant women have received a tetanus toxiod vaccine to improve the quality of maternal healthcare.
Since May 24, the Ministry of Health has delivered more than 25,000 tons of pharmaceuticals and supplies to healthcare facilities across Iraq.
The Mosul Tuberculosis Center was rehabilitated, as well as the Mosul General Hospital, the Basrah General Hospital Burn Unit, and the Primary Health Directorate Building.
Thirty-five small grants, worth almost $2 million, have been awarded to support Iraqi NGO healthcare efforts throughout Iraq.
The MOH spent $40 million on purchase and installation of 128 generators and uninterruptible power supply systems, as well as the refurbishment of ten additional generators.
Approximately $5 million of laboratory equipment and supplies provided the foundation to re-establish the Central Public Health Laboratory in Baghdad, National Center of Drug Control and Research, the Nutritional Research Institute, and regional and governorate public health laboratories.
National Drug Formulary for Iraq: This new purchasing structure will facilitate the arrival of treatments virtually non-existent under the old regime. This includes top-tier cancer drugs and many other progressive pharmaceuticals. It will also improve the sourcing of drugs, resulting in better quality and better health outcomes.
Future plans
Continued focus on the rehabilitation of existing hospitals and primary health centers. To that point, the CPA, in cooperation with USAID, is continuing to re-equip 600 facilities throughout Iraq to provide essential primary healthcare services. These locations will receive medical supply kits distributed by MOH/USAID partner Abt Associates. The $4,500 kit stocks clinics with state-of-the-art equipment and basic clinical supplies.
The continued decentralization of healthcare.
Further support for critical maternal and child health programs.
Significant progress towards cutting the infant mortality in half by the end of 2005.
Continued development of community health and mental health programs.
Growing public health programs, including clean water, nutrition, and disease surveillance.
Working with healthcare officials to increase professional training in both clinical and management settings.
Ports
Iraq?s coastline is a highly valuable resource for importing and exporting goods. The Iraqi Ministry of Transportation is working with the Coalition Provisional Authority and other international partners to maximize the effectiveness of Iraq?s ports at Umm Qasr and Khawr Az Zubayr in order to provide safe, modern and reliable facilities to boost trade and help the economy of the New Iraq.
Post Conflict
Re-opened Umm Qasr seaport to commercial traffic June 17.
Umm Qasr is handling larger ships compared to pre-conflict levels. Before the war the port could only cope with eight 10,000 ton commercial dhows. Now it can take (how many?)50,000 ton cargo ships.
On March 1, 243 Iraqi Ports Authority guards were placed into service.
Currently, more than 65 ships offload cargo at the port every month.
Have resumed dredging operations.
All 21 berths are now open to deep-draft ships.
Completed renovation of grain-receiving facility
o More than 200,000 tons of grain has been unloaded since the first ship arrived in mid-November.
o The maintenance and management of the grain-receiving facilities have now been handed over to the Iraqi Grain Board.
Future plans
The grain-receiving facility aims to process up to 9,000 to 10,000 metric tons of grain per day.
One Iraqi dredger has been rehabilitated and will maintain the harbor. Two new dredgers have been purchased through OFF funds.
Railroad
Restoring and upgrading normal rail services is a major step in improving the transportation infrastructure in Iraq.
Post Conflict
Cross border freight service reopened in August with service to both Syria and Turkey. This traffic includes petroleum products, LP gas, grain and manufactured products.
The railway from the Port of Umm Qasr to Baghdad and various locations throughout Iraq has served as a vital link in military re-supply as well as carrying fuel from the Shouaiba refinery.
In December, a weekly international passenger service was reopened between Mosul and Alepo. The railway is prepared to support the reopening of fertilizer and cement production in the western part of Iraq.
Iraq?s railway system is guarded by Iraqis ? armed Iraqi Rail Police officers travel on every train to ensure passenger safety.
There are currently 250 Iraqi Rail Police in service.
Future plans
Three-hundred more Iraqi Rail Police are assigned to begin security on the rail line soon.
Airports
The Ministry of Transport and Coalition Provisional Authority are working with international partners to bring Iraq?s aviation system into the 21st century. This year will see the introduction of modern navigation and communications links, state of the art meteorological systems, and training for Iraq?s Civil Aviation Administration staff. These new facilities will help position Iraq to be a regional leader in air travel ? for passengers and cargo.
Post Conflict
Each day, over 50 humanitarian assistance and reconstruction-related flights occur throughout Iraq.
The CPA completed emergency infrastructure work at Baghdad International Airport for civil air operations, including:
o Repair of Terminal C and administration offices.
o Building a security checkpoint and 240-car parking lot.
o Installing satellite based communications systems, VSAT system, air traffic control link and 6.5-megawatt power generators.
o Repair perimeter security fence.
o Restore power, water and sanitation systems.
Al Basrah International Airport readying for increased cargo operations to begin to support Iraq reconstruction. Projects have included:
o Runway, taxiway, and apron striping.
o Installing two baggage x-ray units.
o Toilets, passenger lounges, signs, and baggage carts.
o Installing satellite based communications systems.
o Restore water and sanitation systems.
o Replace perimeter security fence.
On February 29th a new voice and data computer system was installed to improve voice and data linkage between air traffic control and aircraft at Ar Rutbah in Western Iraq. This was the last of seven voice data computer systems to be installed in Iraq, which provide the backbone for communicating air traffic control throughout the country.
This new service is part of a network of seven systems throughout Iraq that help pilots communicate effectively with Iraq?s air traffic controllers.
Future plans
In December 2003, the Air Navigation System contract was awarded to Raytheon Corporation. Once installed, civil aviation carriers will be able to take off and land from all major airports in Iraq day or night ? and in adverse weather conditions.
The Ministry of Transport has infrastructure improvement projects in hand with the PMO that will soon see substantial improvements to Baghdad International Airport?s airfield lighting, terminal infrastructure and security checkpoints.
Iraq will soon have new meteorological services ? worth $60 million.
The new Iraq Meteorological Organization will be established with money from the World Bank and the Italian Government and will greatly improve weather capabilities for Baghdad International Airport.
Oil
Iraq?s oil was once used to build palaces and weapons in the interest of one man. Today, Iraq?s greatest natural resource now belongs to the entire nation, and its revenues are used to improve the lives of all the Iraqi people.
Pre-conflict
Oil production averaged 2 million barrels per day (MBPD) in 2002.
Oil exports averaged 1.3 MBPD in 2002.
Post Conflict
Production capacity has exceeded pre-conflict levels and currently stands at approximately 2.5 MBPD.
Daily Exports average 1.58 MBPD.
As of March 10, 2004, estimated crude oil export revenue reached $2.8 billion for 2004.
Oil exports have generated $1.8 billion more revenue between October 2003 and January 2004 than originally anticipated.
Met high winter demands for benzene, diesel, kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
Built inventories to about 7 days for benzene, diesel, kerosene and LPG.
Iraq conservatively has 110 billion barrels of crude oil reserves (second largest proven reserves in world?behind only Saudi Arabia)
Iraq has approximately 100 trillion cubic feet of gas to develop for internal use or exports.
Security measures at pipeline facilities and the crackdown on smuggling demonstrate the coalition?s commitment to working with Iraqis to protect their nation?s assets, so that they can benefit all Iraqis, rather than the criminals.
Oil infrastructure security force was established and 14,000 Iraqi oil security guards have been trained and deployed.
Future Plans
Achieve total production of 3.0 million barrels per day?approximately 2 million barrels per day will be exported?by January 2005.
Establish Iraq National Oil Company and its relationship to the Ministry of Oil
Establish complete pipeline rapid repair capability.
Build stocks to 15 days for benzene, diesel and LPG; build kerosene stocks to 500 million liters prior to winter.
Continue to increase marine terminal and pipeline export capacity.
Begin work to re-establish natural gas production and transmission.
Water & Sanitation Systems
Coalition supported water and sanitation projects are on schedule to bring clean water to more than 20 million of Iraq?s 27 million inhabitants, helping to advance Iraq?s economic and social development. CPA plans will ensure that every Governorate and Municipality is capable of achieving national standards for water supply and distribution, sewerage, and environmental health. The CPA is actively restoring the most degraded portions of the system with a plan to replace the entire system in five years as well as expand to areas not currently serviced by the system.
Pre-conflict
Approximately 55% to 60% of Iraqi citizens were receiving necessary amounts of potable water.
According to a January 2003 survey there are 1385 water treatment facilities, some very small covering only a thousand people and others covering up to 650,000 people. The survey concluded that only 23 out of these 1385 water treatment facilities were operating at 100% of capacity.
The Baghdad sewage system suffers from decades of chronic neglect and underinvestment.
The three major sewage treatment plants in Baghdad were largely inoperable.
In Baghdad, the original system was designed to support a city of only 3 million people. The current population is 5.6 million.
Prior to the war, Iraq had 3 major sewage treatment plants and more than 7,000 kilometers of sewage line network which served only 75% of Baghdad?s population.
Post Conflict
CPA and it contractors, through USAID, are currently providing funding for extensive renovations at the Shark Dijila water treatment plant. Population impact of this effort will be 5.5 million people.
CPA, through USAID, is currently rehabilitating three sewage treatment plants. The first of the sewage treatment plants will come on-line in April 2004.
Installing 6-MW generators independent of the national power grid at 39 Baghdad water facilities to ensure continuous water flow.
In the South, rehabilitating the entire Sweet Water Canal system, including the canal, its reservoirs, and 14 water treatment plants and pumping stations. The system provides potable water to 1.75 million people.
In Central, rehabilitating one water treatment plant and four sewage treatments plants.
o Sewage treatment plants in An Najaf and Al Hillah will serve 194,000 people.
In the North, rehabilitating two water treatment plants and one sewage treatment plant. USAID is also procuring construction equipment for the Ninewa Sewer and Water Directorates for the repair and replacement of their present water and waste water systems.
Rehabilitating 14 water treatment lifts and pump stations around Al Basrah; the An Nasiriyah Water and Sanitation Department building, water units in Maysan governorate, the Kirkuk water testing facility, the Hay ad Hussein water plant, which serves holy shrines in and around Kerbala.
Under the “US Supplemental” funding the Ministry of Municipalities and Public Works has approximately US$ 3.2 Billion in over 100 projects potentially improving the water supply to 10 million urban and 2 million rural Iraqi people. This program is being “rolled out” now and will hopefully be complete by the end of 2006.
The Coalition has allocated more than $100 million toward repairs and refurbishments to the sewer system. The CPA has approved $70 million form Iraqi funds and USAID has approved $30 million. These monies will be used for planned, long-term improvements to the treatment plants, pumping stations and overall network.
More than $6 million in Iraqi-seized funds has been dedicated for emergency operations and repairs.
Over the past four months, more than $200 million has been obligated toward more than 200 emergency projects in nine different districts.
City engineers have developed a 45-day intensive improvement program totaling $1.8 million to clean, refurbish and repair portions of the sewage infrastructure throughout Baghdad.
Investment Plan
Steadily rising domestic budget 2004 2005 2006
$200M $500M $600M
Madrid Pledges for Donor Assistance (all sectors)
o Japanese $1.5bn grant + $3.5bn loans
o Others totaling a further $10bn
USG Supplemental Budget - total $18.6bn
Potable Water $2,800,000,000
Water Loss Management $30,000,000
Sanitation $675,000,000
Solid Waste Management $22,000,000
Youth & Sports
The Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports has made impressive advancement in reconstructing critical regional and national sports programs. Additionally, the CPA is working on creating new youth programs, such as the first-ever Scouting program for this country. This year will see a milestone for the Iraqi people, as their athletes return to the Olympic Games at the 2004 Summer Games of Athens.
Pre-conflict
Iraq had been suspended as a member of the International Olympic Committee.
Athlete abuse was well known under the reign of Uday Hussein.
Little focus was placed on the development of national youth programs.
Post Conflict
In order to create the General Assembly to elect the new National Olympic Committee of Iraq, more than 500 free and independent local elections occurred in villages, towns, and cities across Iraq to replace members of the old regime.
On January 29, 2004, the new National Olympic Committee of Iraq was elected. This election was the culmination of six months of work to bring about regime change in Iraqi sports.
On Friday, February 27, at a joint meeting of the IOC Executive Board and the National Olympic Committee Presidents, a vote passed to lift Iraqs Olympic suspension.
Iraq was reinstated to the International Olympic Movement. Seven sports in Iraq have the ability to qualify and participate in the Olympic Summer Games in Athens: weightlifting, wrestling, boxing, tae kwan do, swimming, track and field, and football (soccer).